The “error of judgment” syllogism proved to be a serendipitous discovery for many Muslims. Besides Qur’an and Hadith, the Sunni Muslims also acknowledge the authority of “consensus.” In fact, consensus in Sunni jurisprudence is such an important principle that it is rated as something almost infallible. He said that Khalid had to be put on trial for the twin crimes of murder and adultery. Canberra en. A certain Abu Qatada, an erstwhile friend and companion of the Prophet, hastened to Medina to complain to Abu Bakr, who summoned Khalid to answer the accusation. It was just when she was in the midst of mourning for her father that Abu Bakr evicted her estate manager from Fadak, and his agents took possession of it. [3], According to 2011 Indian Census, Kushinagar had a total population of 22,214, of which 11,502 were males and 10,712 were females. Many clans of Beni Temeem, hastened to visit Khalid but the Beni Yerboa branch of the tribe, under its chief, Malik ibn Nuweira, hung back. He never allowed temptation or provocation to make him do anything that would militate against the broader interests of Islam and the Muslims. "A Tibetan Guide-book to the Lost Sites of the Buddha's Birth and Death", "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India", "The Geography of Buddhist Pilgrimage in Asia", Entry on Kusinara (Kushinagar) in the Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Kushinagar, Archaeological Survey of India, Sarnath Circle, Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kushinagar&oldid=1005121530, Archaeological monuments in Uttar Pradesh, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Ammara bin Shihab Ansari, the governor - designate of Kufa. (Why Don't We Learn From History? In September 632, after two months' absence, Usama returned to Medina with plundered sheep and camels, though few details of his operations have been handed down to us. “When Abu Bakr was done with the case of those who apostatized, he saw fit to direct his troops against Syria. This site is 1.5 km east of the main Nirvana Temple on the Kushinagar-Deoria road. Apart from this, he and his tribesmen were practicing Muslims. Today Sehri & Iftar Times in Azamgarh - Ramadan 2020. Though Ali had never challenged Abu Bakr and Umar, they saw his mere presence as a “threat” to their security. Today Sehri Time in Azamgarh is 05:02 am and Azamgarh Iftar Time 5:06 pm. When he died, a certain Ash'ath bin Qays rose in rebellion against the government of Medina which now was headed by Abu Bakr. But none of these methods was adopted. According to the principles of democracy, all of them ought to have taken part in the election of their leader. These are the remains of various monasteries of different sizes constructed from time to time in the ancient period. While according to Buddhist tradition Kushavati was named prior to the king Kush. 358. The action of the Saqifa government in seizing Fadak had little to do with law or its interpretation. Fatima Zahra was given burial at night, as per her own request. Get accurate Zohar namaz & salah times with 7 days and 30 days Zohar prayer times. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 2,897. “We must beware the shades of Orwell's ‘1984,' when external enemies are created, real or imaginary, for the purpose of sustaining domestic moral support for the national government.” (Quoted by Leonard Silk in the New York Times, October 24, 1986). We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Salman, Sohaib and Bilal, all three had been slaves at one time but in his sight, they were in no way inferior to the chiefs of the Quraysh. The burden of proof that Fatima's possession of the estate was illegal, was on Abu Bakr. But the eradication of “apostasy” was a small-scale and local affair. A Literary History of Deoria & Kushinagar by M.A. When he thought he had acquired enough merits, he sought the General's permission to return to the city. Gorakhpur is the main railway terminus for Kushinagar while air strip of UP Civil Aviation is situated in Kasia, 2 km away from Kushinagar, currently being developed as an International Airport by Uttar Pradesh Government and Government of India. If Abu Bakr had a difficult problem, he sat in the mosque, summoned the leading companions, and put it before them. Mahasukhamdada Chin Thargyi Pagoda (Burmese Temple). The city was located in the fertile Gangetic plains in the present-day district of the same name, Shravasti, that belongs to Devipatan division of Uttar Pradesh near Balrampur, some 175 kilometres (109 mi) north-east of Lucknow. Vogel. On their way they took Abu Obaida ibn al-Jarrah along with them. Zohar Prayer Times. But in the case of Fadak, Abu Bakr who was the accused party, was himself the judge and the jury, and his verdict inevitably went against the plaintiff as it would have done in any kangaroo court or star chamber. Obaidullah ibn Abbas, the governor of Yemen. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Kushinagar was 78.4%, of which male literacy rate was 84.5% and female literacy rate was 71.9%. Rebellions against the government of Abu Bakr were breaking out all over the country. 4, page 52). His attitude toward personalities was invariably impersonal. It was certainly good policy to turn the recently subdued tribes of the wilderness towards an external aim in which they might at once satisfy their lust for booty on a grand scale, maintain their warlike feeling and strengthen themselves in their attachment to the new faith. For these positions, he selected men who were noted for their knowledge and sound judgment. Unrecognized Email or Password, please try again. (from the Sketches from Eastern History), Noldeke would be more correct if he were to modify his statement to read that the tribes “might strengthen themselves in their attachment to the new government of Saqifa,” instead of the “new faith.” Faith is not strengthened by killing other people and by plundering their homes and cities. He came to Ali and said: “It is outrageous to see men of the humblest clans of Quraysh usurping your right, and capturing the government which is yours. In the face of overwhelming evidence against Khalid, Abu Bakr was compelled to arraign him but as a grateful master, he defended him, and attributed his crimes to a minor “error of judgment.” As a reward for his quickfix exploit, he bestowed upon him the title of “the sword of God,” and one year later, when the whole peninsula came under his control, he (Abu Bakr) appointed him (Khalid) the supreme commander of his armies in Syria. The campaigns in Persia and Syria consolidated the Saqifa government in Medina. Chandra Swami, a Burmese monk, came to India in 1903 and made Mahaparinirvana Temple into a living shrine. But some of his companions didn't think that her sorrow was great enough, and they sought to make their own “contribution” to it. Buddha's body was kept at this location for one week, after he attained Parinirvana. Aktuelle Gebrauchtwagenangebote in Bayreuth finden auf auto.inFranken.de. No one among the companions was better qualified than Ali to collect the verses of Qur’an. He evicted the agents of Fatima Zahra from her estate, and he also confiscated the property her father had given her in Medina itself. But it is strange that he alone heard this “tradition.” And it's just as strange that Muhammad did not tell members of his own family that they would not inherit his property after his death because he was God's messenger, but he went around whispering “traditions” into the ears of outsiders. Ali completed the self-imposed task. When Abu Bakr recovered consciousness, he asked Uthman to read what he had written, and he read: “I, Abu Bakr, successor of the Apostle of God, appoint Umar as my successor and your ruler.”, When Abu Bakr heard this, he was immensely pleased with Uthman. Perhaps even more appropriate would be a motto designed for Ali ibn Abi Talib which might read: “He relinquished everything to save Islam.”. Though Abu Bakr had many other fainting spells when he was dictating his will, Umar did not shout that he (Abu Bakr) was delirious and was talking nonsense. But unfortunately for Islam, the party in power, in line with its policy, did not want to give recognition to his work. For truly God is Witness to all things. He was so shocked at Malik's murder by Khalid that he immediately returned to Medina, and told Abu Bakr that he would not serve under a commander who had killed a Muslim. At length Usama left Medina and marched toward the north at the head of his army minus Abu Bakr and Umar. Exclusive Designs. This act of the Prophet shows that concessions could be given to new converts...”. In the medieval period, Kushinagar had passed under the suzerainty of Kultury Kings. Prayer Timetable for the Month March 2024 - Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India Download PDF; Date Day Fajr Shuruq Dhuha Dhuhr … Qathm ibn Abbas, the governor - designate of Makkah. He does not claim that he is running for office and ought to be elected because he is related to an erstwhile head of state. It was the same Umar who had refused to let the Apostle of God dictate his will even though the latter did not faint, and did not lose consciousness at any time. [18][19] The British archaeologist Alexander Cunningham rediscovered Kushinagara in the late 19th century, and his colleague A. C. L. Carlleyle unearthed the 1,500-year-old Buddha image. And who were the people who forgot the past hostility of the Umayyads to Islam? According to one theory, Kushinagar was the capital of Kosala Kingdom and according to Ramayana it was built by King Kush, son of Rama, protagonist of the epic Ramayana. There is no tradition of the Prophet of Islam stating that the penalty for refusal to pay zakat is death. [15] The Hindu rulers of the Gupta Empire (fourth to seventh century) helped greatly enlarge the Nirvana stupa and Kushinagar site, building a temple with reclining Buddha. مواقيت الصلاة For the district, see, Location of Gautama Buddha's death and parinirvana. II, Azamgarh, India, 1974). The prisoners were placed under guard but, during the night, Malik ibn Nuweira and his supporters were killed in cold blood. He came with Khalid from Medina. If they were, they ought to have told the Ansar to dissolve their meeting in Saqifa, and then to reassemble in the Great Mosque to elect a leader in the presence of all the Muhajireen and all the Ansar. Such offenses as adultery and the mass murder of Muslims could not only be overlooked as minor “errors of judgment,” but could actually be rewarded if their authors lent their blind support to the government of Saqifa. 1. Its leaders figured that in the tumult of war and conquest, the Arabs would gradually forget the family of their Prophet, and this would be their real triumph. To make themselves “secure” they believed that they had to find a new base of power. Abu Bakr called his secretary, Uthman bin Affan, to write his will. [7], Kushinagar is a nagar palika situated at 53 km east from Gorakhpur on the National Highway-28, lying between latitude 26°45´N and 83°24´E. Khalid returning to Medina, claimed that he had not ordered the execution of Malik, but that his instructions to the guards had been misunderstood. But then who in the Muslim umma loved Islam more than he did? She met her father in Heaven, and she found the happiness which had eluded her since his death, once again. In Bahrain, the tribes of Banu Bakr and Banu Abdul-Qays had refused to pay taxes. Sadaqa was unlawful for them, and they could not accept it. Khalid's excuses were accepted.” (The Great Arab Conquests, 1963, p. 112). In their anxiety to defend Khalid, many Muslims blandly assert that after the death of the Prophet, Malik and his tribe had become apostates, and the penalty prescribed in Islam for apostasy is death. According to Islamic law, Khalid had to be stoned to death. He collected taxes from his tribe, and sent them to Medina. Assured Purity, Free Shipping, Exclusive Design. The latter, of course, offered their support for ulterior reasons. The Al-Islam.org site and the DILP are entirely supported by individual donors and well wishers. It is an international Buddhist pilgrimage centre. To give the Arabs an opportunity to gratify their lust for plunder. Now that he is dead, it should belong only to his heirs, and not to you. He was, therefore, always cautious, and never overlooked the principle of “safety first.” Skirmishes had already begun between the nomads of Iraq and the Muslim tribe of Wael. It did not, therefore, “accept” his collection of the verses of Qur’an. As the spiritual heirs and the “instruments” of the policy of Abu Bakr and Umar, the Umayyads served a period of “apprenticeship” at the end of which they were ready to claim and to receive their reward. Following is an attempt to answer this question. On 13 May 1994, it came into being as a new district of Uttar Pradesh. But Khalid denied this and said: “No. Shia Ramadan Time Azamgarh Sehri Iftar as per 2021 Ramadan Calendar is as follows: Sehri Time 05:13 and Iftar Time 05:47 on 25 Jan, 2021. Women as Imams. The naming of Kushwati is believed to be due to abundance of Kush grass found in this region. To silence the critics of the Saqifa government, and to put an end to interrogations of all kinds. 3. The Prophet had granted exemption to the residents of Ta'if from payment of taxes. This they readily found in the family of Abu Sufyan and the other Umayyads of Makkah, and they forged an alliance with them. Dr. Hamid-ud-Din further writes in his History: Just like the Persians, the Romans were also afraid of the newly consolidated government of the Arabs. Abu Bakr began his reign with a civil war but he called it a war of apostasy. The Muhajireen and the Ansar forgot their debates of right and wrong. The naming of Kushwati is believed to be due to abundance of Kush grass found in this region. When Muhammad Mustafa died, most of the Arabs had accepted Islam. Mathanna bin al-Harith, chief of the Wael, went to Medina and sought permission from Abu Bakr to attack Iraq. There was consensus of all companions including Umar himself in opposing Abu Bakr's decision to fight against those Muslims who had not paid taxes. If one were to become an apostate for missing a prayer or a fast or payment of zakat, then many Muslims of each generation would have to be called apostates. As of 2019, the Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Kushinagar Assembly constituency is Rajnikant Mani Tripathi of Bharatiya Janata Party. All you have to do to take it from them, is to give me the signal, and I shall fill the streets of Medina with infantry and cavalry, ready to die at your command.”. Once the latter were branded as apostates, it became lawful to kill them, to plunder their homes, and to enslave their women and children. Its leaders were inspired by a single aim, viz., to deprive the children of Muhammad Mustafa of their means of living. M. Shibli, the historian, has recorded the following incident in his Life of the Prophet: In the sight of Muhammad, rich and poor, master and slave, white and black, were all equal. This is what the modern Sunni historian, Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah, writes in his book, Introduction to Islam, (Kuwait, 1977): “...a delegation from Ta'if came to Medinah offering submission. Ich … The man most responsible for his (Abu Bakr's) election, viz., Umar bin al-Khattab, himself denounced it. He was ever ready to serve the Muslims. Some of them wanted the government of Medina to share its authority with them, and some others wanted “autonomy” in their territories. In the years to come, they drew a veil over some of the most ghastly acts and egregious deeds in the history of Islam with the explanation that they were only “errors of judgment.”, Here one can see an interesting case of the application of the proverbial double-standard. We are his heirs. Following deductions can be made from Umar's arrangements for finding a khalifa: Muawiya's Verdict on Umar's Electoral Committee, Umar and Muhammad Mustafa, the Messenger of God, Uthman bin Affan, the Third Khalifa of the Muslims, 644-656, Principal Events of the Caliphate of Uthman, Favoritism and Nepotism in the Khilafat of Uthman, Modern Historians and the Caliphate of Uthman, Uthman and the Friends of Muhammad, the Messenger of God, The Aftermath of the Assassination of Uthman, Ali ibn Abi Talib, the Fourth Caliph of the Muslims, The Restoration of the Kingdom of Heaven on Earth – (The Caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib), The State of the Umma at Ali's Accession to the Throne. Their reward was the government of Saqifa itself! Abu Bakr's generals “pacified” Arabia, collected poor-tax from the tribes which had not paid them earlier, and when nothing was left for them to do at home, they made the first tentative excursions into the Persian and Byzantine (Roman) territory. 1971). Obtenga una fuente confiable de Azamgarh los tiempos de … With this answer, Ali demonstrated once again that he and he alone was the true guardian of Islam. Fatima: Ali and Umm Ayman are my witnesses. After the death of her father, Fatima Zahra wished nothing more than to be reunited with him in Heaven. [7][8] It is believed that during his last day he walked into the groves of trees near the city and rejoiced at the blossoms of sala trees (Shorea robusta) before laying himself to rest.

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